Background : The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, ketamine, produces a clinical syndrome of thought
disorder, perceptual distortion, and cognitive impairment.
Methods : We have administered ketamine to healthy
volunteers to characterize the formal thought disorder and
specific memory dysfunction associated with ketamine.
Ten healthy volunteers underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, ketamine infusion (0.12 mg/kg bolus and
0.65 mg/kg/hour). Thought disorder was evaluated with
the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and
Communication. Cognitive testing involved working and
semantic memory tasks.
Results : Ketamine produced a formal thought disorder, as
well as impairments in working and semantic memory. The
degree of ketamine-induced thought disorder significantly
correlated with ketamine-induced decreases in working
memory and did not correlate with ketamine-induced
impairments in semantic memory.
Conclusions : This study characterizes the formal thought
disorder associated with ketamine and may suggest that
ketamine-induced deficits in working memory are associated with ketamine-induced thought disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1998;43:811–816 Published 1998 Society of Biological Psychiatry
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